For example, the preview image displayed to the user is taken from one camera module or the other, but needs to switch smoothly between the two modules as the user zooms in or out. Images from the two camera modules can be blended to create improved results even at non-native focal lengths, but this presents some unique image processing challenges. This provides a better result than cropping and scaling the image from the main camera. At the native focal length of the telephoto camera, the camera uses a typical pipeline to process and render the image at the sensor’s native resolution. The most obvious advantage of having a dedicated telephoto camera module is better images at long focal lengths. The same scene shot using the Huawei Mate 20 Pro’s 8MP 3x telephoto module. Most-including Apple, OnePlus, HTC, Xiaomi, Motorola, Nokia and Vivo models-use a traditional camera module paired with a 2x telephoto module, although the Huawei Mate 20 Pro and P20 Pro make use of a 3x telephoto. So over the last two years, almost all flagship phones have moved to a dual-lens-and-sensor design for their rear-facing camera instead of trying to add an optical zoom. The physics of lens design make it very complex to fit a zoom lens into the thin body of a high-end smartphone. Starting with Samsung’s Galaxy S4 and S5 Zoom, a few specialized phones had an optical zoom (made possible by their bulky design), but most popular models offered only a limited-quality, digital zoom capability that used some combination of cropping and post-capture resizing. Until the introduction and market success of the Apple iPhone 7 Plus in 2016, zooming in on a smartphone was almost always entirely digital. In each case, it is important to keep in mind that it is still early in the development of multiple-camera smartphones, so expect to see rapid progress in the technology and the features it enables over the coming years. We’ll take a look at how multiple camera phones have evolved, at how they’ve improved the photo experience for phone owners, and at the challenges that phone makers have had to tackle to make them work. Having multiple cameras has made an array of new features possible-zoom, better HDR, portrait modes, 3D, and low-light photography-but it has also presented new challenges. The small Z-height, as the industry refers to the thickness of a phone, has caused designers to make use of the larger width and height of phones by adding additional cameras to their designs. However, users also want thin phones, which greatly limits the size of the individual camera modules that can be used. With the growing importance of camera performance to smartphone makers and users, manufacturers have worked hard to add features and to improve image quality.
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